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The MagLab is funded by the National Science Foundation and the State of Florida.

Transmission Spectrometer

Transmission Spectrometer

The transmission instrument is a flexible 24-980 GHz multifrequency cw-EPR spectrometer with a 16 T superconducting magnet. The instrument is particularly useful in studies on the transition metal complex compounds exhibiting large zero-field splittings and resolving very small g-anisotropies.

This instrument is equipped with a number of sources consisting of synthesizers combined with a series of exchangeable frequency multipliers. The detector is a broadband helium-cooled bolometer, which enables operation frequencies over the very wide range of 24-980 GHz though there are some gaps. The instrument does not employ a resonator. However, samples may be large thus offsetting the sensitivity disadvantage in terms of concentration sensitivity. For accurate g-value measurements, the use of g-value standards is recommended (e.g. DPPH, Si:P, or hydrogen atoms trapped in a nano cage of octaisobutylsilsesquioxane). The microwave frequency is accurate to at least 6 significant digits.

Transition metal complexes, lanthanide complexes as well as organic radicals have been studied on this spectrometer.


Details

Specs

  • Frequency: 24 – 980 GHz
  • Field Strength: 16 Tesla
  • Sweep rate: 1 T / min over the entire range 0 to 16 T
  • Homogeneity: 10 ppm
  • Maximum sample diameter: 9 mm.
  • Temperature: 1.5 K – 300 K
  • Crystal Rotation: No, but crystals can be measured at a fixed orientation
  • Sensitivity: Absolute: 1013 spin/mT, concentration: 5·1013 spin/(cm3·mT)
  • Sample Size: 5-300 mg, typical 50 mg (powder), 0.2-0.5 mL (solution)
  • Optical illumination: Yes

EMR Techniques

Solution-State NMR Technique

  • Liquid Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization - Future

  • The microwave source of this instrument can be also used with the resistive magnets of the DC facility
  • The BWO microwave source can be used with this instrument

Sample Types

  • Air-sensitive or reactive sample
  • Frozen solutions, including aqueous
  • Powders & polycrystals
  • Single crystal
  • Thin films

Sample Containers

The most convenient sample container is a polyethylene vial

Fisherbrand™ Polyethylene Sample Vials with Hinged Cap


A well ground sample in such vial should be squeezed with a Teflon rod

Chemical-Resistant Ultra-Low-Friction PTFE Rods


Air sensitive samples require special arrangements.

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Related Publications

Mohar, J.S.; Bhunia, M.; Laughlin, A.L.; Ozarowski, A.; Krzystek, J.; Keller, T.M.; Gau, M.R.; Lancaster, K.L.; Telser, J.; Mindiola, D.M., Titanium Phosphinidene and Phosphide Moieties from Oxidative Phosphorylation and Desilylation, Journal of American Chemical Society, 147, 11625-11631 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c12242


Russel, J.B.; Jafari, M.G.; Kim, J.H.; Pudasaini, B.; Ozarowski, A.; Telser, J.; Baik, M.H.; Mindiola, D.J., Ynamide and Azaalleneyl. Acid-Base Promoted Chelotropic and Spin-State Rearrangements in a Versatile Heterocumulene [(Ad)NCC(tBu)]-, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 63 (e2024014), 1-6 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202401433


Ozarowski, A., High-Field EPR Studies on Three Binuclear μ-Oxo-Bridged Iron(III) Complexes: Na4[Fe(edta)]2O3H2O, [Fe(phen)2(H2O)]2O(NO3)4⋅5H2O and [Fe(salen)]2O, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024 (e202400565), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202400565


Tin, P.; Jenkins, J.J.; Xing, J.; Caci, N.; Gai, Z.; Jin, R.; Wessel, S.; Krzystek, J.; Li, C.; Daemen, L.L.; Cheng, Y.; Xue, Z.L., Haldane topological spin-1 chains in a planar metal-organic framework, Nature Communications, 14, 5454 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41014-1


Ngo, D.X.; McClain, K.R.; Hrubý, J.; Franzke, Y.J.; Kundu, K.; Kwon, H.; Gould, C.A.; Harvey, B.G.; Hill, S.; Long, J.R., Large Hyperfine Coupling Arising from Pseudo-2S Ground States in a Series of Lutetium(II) Metallocene Complexes, Journal of American Chemical Society, 147 (16), 13799-13807 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c01947


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Last modified on 15 May 2026

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